腹腔镜子宫内膜异位症手术步骤

Here are the sequential actions involved in performing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.

Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery, is a procedure used to diagnose and treat endometriosis. Here are the general steps involved in the surgery:

Step 1: Anesthesia

There are generally two types of anesthesia used in laparoscopic endometriosis surgery:

General Anesthesia: This is the most common type of anesthesia used in laparoscopic procedures. It involves administering medications to induce a state of unconsciousness, where the patient is completely unaware and does not feel any pain during the surgery. General anesthesia is typically administered through intravenous (IV) medications and inhalation agents.
Regional Anesthesia: In some cases, regional anesthesia may be used as an alternative or in combination with general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia involves numbing a specific region of the body, such as the lower abdomen and pelvic area, using local anesthetics. This can be achieved through techniques such as epidural anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Regional anesthesia can provide pain relief during and after the surgery, and it may also help reduce the need for high doses of general anesthesia.

Step 2: Patient Positioning

The patient is positioned on the operating table in a way that allows the surgeon to access the pelvic region. The legs are usually elevated and placed in stirrups to provide optimal exposure.

Step 3: Creation of Pneumoperitoneum

A small incision is made near the navel, and a hollow needle or Veress needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity. Carbon dioxide gas is then pumped into the abdomen, creating a pneumoperitoneum.

The primary goal of pneumoperitoneum is to create a working space within the abdomen, separating the abdominal wall from the organs. This inflated space provides the surgeon with the necessary room to maneuver instruments and perform the procedure effectively.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the preferred gas for creating pneumoperitoneum. It is non-flammable, readily absorbed by the body, and has a minimal impact on organ function. CO2 is usually delivered into the abdominal cavity in a controlled manner to maintain a stable pressure.

Step 4: Placement of Trocars

Trocars are specialized instruments with a valve that allow entry into the abdominal cavity while maintaining the pneumoperitoneum. Several small incisions, usually ranging from 0.5 to 1 centimeter in size, are made in the abdominal wall, and trocars are inserted through these incisions. These trocars act as ports for the laparoscope and other surgical instruments.

Step 5: Visualization with a Laparoscope

A laparoscope, a long, thin tube with a camera and light source at the tip, is inserted through one of the trocars. The laparoscope transmits real-time images of the pelvic organs to a monitor, allowing the surgeon to visualize the surgical site.

Step 6: Exploration and Identification

The surgeon examines the pelvic region, looking for signs of endometriosis. Various instruments, such as dissectors, forceps, and scissors, may be used to gently manipulate and move organs to get a better view.

Step 7: Excision or Ablation of Endometriotic Lesions

During laparoscopic endometriosis surgery, one of the main objectives is to treat the endometriotic lesions found in the pelvic region. There are two common methods used to address these lesions: excision and ablation. Here’s an explanation of each approach:

Excision: Excision involves physically cutting out the endometriotic lesions from the affected tissues. The surgeon uses specialized instruments, such as scissors, electrocautery devices, or lasers, to carefully remove the lesions while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. Excision is often preferred for deeper or larger endometriotic lesions that have invaded the surrounding structures or organs. It aims to completely eliminate the lesions and can provide a more thorough treatment.
Ablation: Ablation refers to the destruction or removal of endometriotic lesions using energy-based techniques. The surgeon applies heat, electrical energy, laser energy, or other modalities to destroy the lesions. This process can be done using various instruments, such as electrodes, lasers, or radiofrequency devices. Ablation is often used for superficial or smaller endometriotic lesions that have not deeply infiltrated the surrounding tissues. While ablation can be effective in removing the lesions, there is a higher chance of residual disease compared to excision.

The choice between excision and ablation depends on factors such as the location, size, and depth of the lesions, as well as the surgeon’s expertise and the extent of the disease. In some cases, a combination of both techniques may be utilized during the same procedure to address different types or locations of endometriotic lesions.

Step 8: Hemostasis

Any bleeding from the excised or ablated areas is carefully controlled. The surgeon may use electrocautery, laser, or other techniques to achieve hemostasis and prevent excessive bleeding.

Step 9: Closure and Removal of Instruments

Once the surgery is complete, the surgeon removes the instruments and trocars from the abdominal cavity. The small incisions in the abdominal wall are closed with sutures or surgical glue.

Step 10: Recovery

The patient is transferred to the recovery room, where they are monitored until they wake up from anesthesia. Pain medications and instructions for postoperative care are provided. The patient usually goes home on the same day or within a day or two, depending on the complexity of the surgery.

Pankaj Singhal, MD, MS, MHCM

机器人手术外科医生大师

Pankaj Singhal 博士是全球公认的子宫内膜异位症外科医生，在腹腔镜切除手术方面拥有超过 25 年的专业知识，这使他能够充满信心地应对最具挑战性的子宫内膜异位症病例。 Pankaj 医生治疗患有多种子宫内膜异位症相关疾病的患者，从卵巢子宫内膜异位症到影响肠道和其他器官的严重深部浸润性子宫内膜异位症。

Pankaj 医生优先考虑微创手术并提供全面的个人护理。此外，他还是纽约妇科和子宫内膜异位症 (NYGE) 的所有者和创始人，并一生致力于倡导、尊重和治疗患有这种鲜为人知的疾病的女性。他是全美国少数完成超过 5,718 例机器人辅助妇科手术的外科医生之一。

我们接受大多数主要保险计划

便捷的计费选项，全面覆盖。

手术通常由健康保险承保。然而，承保范围可能会有所不同，具体取决于具体的保险计划和保单。一些保险计划可能涵盖广泛的外科手术，包括选择性和必要的手术，而其他保险计划可能对某些手术有限制或排除。

在某些情况下，某些保险计划或计划可能会全额承担手术费用，使患者无需承担经济责任。

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